MODULE-SCALE SIMULATION OF FORWARD OSMOSIS MODULE-PART A: PLATE-AND-FRAME
Keywords:
Forward osmosis, Module design, Plate-and frame module, Concentration polarization, Dilution and concentration effectAbstract
In forward osmosis (FO), a semi-permeable membrane separates a concentrated draw and a diluted feed solution. FO has emerges as a promising alternative for various applications. To support further development of FO process, a larger scale optimization is required to accurately envisage the most critical factors to be explored. In this study, we applied a mass-transfer model coupled with the mass conservation and area discretization to simulate the performance of plate-and-frame FO modules (10 sheets of 1x1m). Effects of numerous parameters were simulated: modes, flow orientations (co-, counter- and cross-currents), spacers and spacer properties, membrane parameters and operational parameters. Results show that counter-current flow orientation offers the highest flux with minimum spatial distribution. Module performance can be improved by developing FO membrane through reducing membrane structural (S) parameter and increasing water permeability (A): increasing A-value only significant at low S-value, and vice versa (i.e., for A-value of 1 LMH/atm, S-value must be below 50 µm). Furthermore, inclusion of spacer in the flow channel slightly increases the flux (merely up to 2%). Module performance can also be enhanced by increasing feed flow rate, lowering solute in the feed and increasing solute in the draw solution.
Downloads
References
Achilli, A., Cath, T. Y., Marchand, E. A., and Childress, A. E. (2009). The forward osmosis membrane bioreactor: a low fouling alternative to MBR processes. Desalination, 239(1), 10-21.
Attarde, D., Jain, M., Chaudhary, K., and Gupta, S. K. (2015). Osmotically driven membrane processes by using a spiral wound module—Modeling, experimentation and numerical parameter estimation. Desalination, 361, 81-94.
Bilad, M. R., Baten, M., Pollet, A., Courtin, C., Wouters, J., Verbiest, T., and Vankelecom, I. F. J. (2016). A novel In-situ Enzymatic Cleaning Method for Reducing Membrane Fouling in Membrane Bioreactors (MBRs). Indonesian journal of science and technology, 1(1), 1-22.
Bui, N. N., Arena, J. T., and McCutcheon, J. R. (2015). Proper accounting of mass transfer resistances in forward osmosis: Improving the accuracy of model predictions of structural parameter. Journal of membrane science, 492, 289-302.
Cartinella, J. L., Cath, T. Y., Flynn, M. T., Miller, G. C., Hunter, K. W., and Childress, A. E. (2006). Removal of natural steroid hormones from wastewater using membrane contactor processes. Environmental science and technology, 40(23), 7381-7386.
Cath, T. Y., Childress, A. E., and Elimelech, M. (2006). Forward osmosis: principles, applications, and recent developments. Journal of membrane science, 281(1), 70-87.
Cath, T. Y., Hancock, N. T., Lundin, C. D., Hoppe-Jones, C., and Drewes, J. E. (2010). A multi-barrier osmotic dilution process for simultaneous desalination and purification of impaired water. Journal of membrane science, 362(1), 417-426.
Deshmukh, A., Yip, N. Y., Lin, S., and Elimelech, M. (2015). Desalination by forward osmosis: Identifying performance limiting parameters through module-scale modeling. Journal of membrane science, 491, 159-167.
Gruber, M. F., Johnson, C. J., Tang, C. Y., Jensen, M. H., Yde, L., and Hélix-Nielsen, C. (2011). Computational fluid dynamics simulations of flow and concentration polarization in forward osmosis membrane systems. Journal of membrane science, 379(1), 488-495.
Gu, B., Kim, D. Y., Kim, J. H., and Yang, D. R. (2011). Mathematical model of flat sheet membrane modules for FO process: Plate-and-frame module and spiral-wound module. Journal of membrane science, 379(1), 403-415.
Jung, D. H., Lee, J., Lee, Y. G., Park, M., Lee, S., Yang, D. R., and Kim, J. H. (2011). Simulation of forward osmosis membrane process: Effect of membrane orientation and flow direction of feed and draw solutions. Desalination, 277(1), 83-91.
Klaysom, C., Cath, T. Y., Depuydt, T., and Vankelecom, I. F. (2013). Forward and pressure retarded osmosis: potential solutions for global challenges in energy and water supply. Chemical society reviews, 42(16), 6959-6989.
Lee, J., Kim, B., and Hong, S. (2014). Fouling distribution in forward osmosis membrane process. Journal of environmental sciences, 26(6), 1348-1354.
Lee, S., Boo, C., Elimelech, M., and Hong, S. (2010). Comparison of fouling behavior in forward osmosis (FO) and reverse osmosis (RO). Journal of membrane science, 365(1), 34-39.
Li, X., Chou, S., Wang, R., Shi, L., Fang, W., Chaitra, G., ... and Fane, A. G. (2015). Nature gives the best solution for desalination: Aquaporin-based hollow fiber composite membrane with superior performance. Journal of membrane science, 494, 68-77.
Mi, B., and Elimelech, M. (2010). Organic fouling of forward osmosis membranes: fouling reversibility and cleaning without chemical reagents. Journal of membrane science, 348(1), 337-345.
Phuntsho, S., Hong, S., Elimelech, M., and Shon, H. K. (2014). Osmotic equilibrium in the forward osmosis process: modelling, experiments and implications for process performance. Journal of membrane science, 453, 240-252.
Schock, G., and Miquel, A. (1987). Mass transfer and pressure loss in spiral wound modules. Desalination, 64, 339-352.
Schwinge, J., Neal, P. R., Wiley, D. E., Fletcher, D. F., and Fane, A. G. (2004). Spiral wound modules and spacers: review and analysis. Journal of membrane science, 242(1), 129-153.
Sulastri, A., and Rahmidar, L. (2016). Fabrication of Biomembrane from Banana Stem for Lead Removal. Indonesian journal of science and technology, 1(1), 115-131.
Tiraferri, A., Yip, N. Y., Straub, A. P., Castrillon, S. R. V., and Elimelech, M. (2013). A method for the simultaneous determination of transport and structural parameters of forward osmosis membranes. Journal of membrane science, 444, 523-538.
Xu, Y., Peng, X., Tang, C. Y., Fu, Q. S., and Nie, S. (2010). Effect of draw solution concentration and operating conditions on forward osmosis and pressure retarded osmosis performance in a spiral wound module. Journal of membrane science, 348(1), 298-309.
Yip, N. Y., Tiraferri, A., Phillip, W. A., Schiffman, J. D., and Elimelech, M. (2010). High performance thin-film composite forward osmosis membrane. Environmental science and technology, 44(10), 3812-3818.
Zhao, S., Zou, L., Tang, C. Y., and Mulcahy, D. (2012). Recent developments in forward osmosis: opportunities and challenges. Journal of membrane science, 396, 1-21.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2016 Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
