Developing Technology-Based Instructional Videos to Enhance Cognitive and Physical Performance in Physical Education
Keywords:
Cognitive performance Development, Instruction material, Physical education, Physical performance, Technology-basedAbstract
This study developed and evaluated a technology-based
instructional video on locomotor and manipulative
movements to improve the cognitive and physical
performance of Grade VI learners at Tagbilaran City Central
Elementary School. Guided by a quasi-experimental pre-test
and post-test design, the intervention involved purposively
selected learners and was validated by subject experts. The
instructional video was assessed on multiple dimensions,
including style, creativity, content, music, language,
captions, and instructional value, and was rated as
outstanding
overall.
Findings
revealed
significant
improvements in both knowledge and physical skills,
demonstrating the effectiveness of instructional videos in
fostering comprehension, retention, and performance in
Physical Education. While the material was well-received,
further refinement in visual organization and inclusivity of
language and captions is recommended to ensure broader
accessibility. This study underscores the potential of
technology-based instructional videos as powerful tools to
enhance teaching and learning in Physical Education.
References
Afifah, S., Mudzakir, A., and Nandiyanto, A.B.D. (2022). How to calculate paired sample t-test
using SPSS software: From step-by-step processing for users to the practical examples
in the analysis of the effect of application anti-fire bamboo teaching materials on
student learning outcomes. Indonesian Journal of Teaching in Science, 2(1), 81-92.
Agbarakwe, H. A., and Ossai-Chidi, A. G. (2025). Effect of Mayer’s Modality Principle of
Multimedia Design on Secondary School Students' Performance in Biology in Rivers
State. Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences Journal of Mathematics, and Science
Education, 6(2), 49-56.
Al Husaeni, D.F., Al Husaeni, D.N., Nandiyanto, A.B.D., Rokhman, M., Chalim, S., Chano, J., Al
Obaidi, A.S.M., and Roestamy, M. (2024). How technology can change educational
research? Definition, factors for improving quality of education and computational
bibliometric analysis. ASEAN Journal of Science and Engineering, 4(2), 127-166.
Albar, C.N., Widiansyah, M.G., Mubarok, S., Aziz, M.A., and Maulana, H. (2021). Application
of augmented reality technology with the fuzzy logic method as an online physical education lecture method in the new normal era. Indonesian Journal of
Multidiciplinary Research, 1(1), 35-40.
Arancillo, A.A.P., Gallo, D.C.A., Gomez, X.M.L., Saldua, J.V., and Morbo, E.A. (2025). Lived
experiences of bachelor of physical education students on burnout: A
phenomenological inquiry. ASEAN Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science,
(1), 1-8.
Azizah, S.N., Nandiyanto, A.B.D., Wulandary, V., and Irawan, A.R. (2022). Implementation of
video learning media in Islamic religious education subjects for elementary school
students. Indonesian Journal of Multidiciplinary Research, 2(1), 91-96.
Brecht, H. D. (2012). Learning from online video lectures. Journal of Information Technology
Education: Innovations in Practice, 11(1), 227–250.
Calixtro Jr, V.L. (2024). Speculating the lived experiences of physical education college
instructors on health and wellness activities. ASEAN Journal of Physical Education and
Sport Science, 3(2), 53-60.
Calixtro Jr., V.L. (2021). Health status and job performance of physical education instructors
in higher education institutions. Indonesian Journal of Educational Research and
Technology, 1(2), 71-76.
Calixtro Jr., V.L. (2025). Development and validation of an audiovisual ergorobics exercise
intervention for enhancing workplace health and wellness. ASEAN Journal of Physical
Education and Sport Science, 4(1), 9-16.
Carolin, L. L., Astra, I. K. B., and Suwiwa, I. G. (2020). Development of learning video media
using the ADDIE model on basic technique materials for class VII Pencak Silat. Jurnal
Kesehatan Jasmani dan Olahraga, 5(2), 12-18.
Ernazarov, A.N., Astanova, D.O., Tojiboeva, G.R., Mamajonov, K.A., Kholikov, K.T., Karimova,
K.A., and Yuldasheva, T.A. (2025). Developing students' physical and technical abilities
through the STEAM approach: Methodology and implementation. ASEAN Journal of
Physical Education and Sport Science, 4(1), 17-24.
Escomes, E.L., and Morbo, E.A. (2021). Factors affecting distance learning of the physical
education students of Sultan Kudarat State University, Mindanao, Philippines.
Indonesian Journal of Educational Research and Technology, 1(3), 87-94.
Fiandini, M., Nandiyanto, A.B.D., Al Husaeni, D.F., Al Husaeni, D.N., and Mushiban, M. (2024).
How to calculate statistics for significant difference test using SPSS: Understanding
students comprehension on the concept of steam engines as power plant. Indonesian
Journal of Science and Technology, 9(1), 45-108.
Fiorella, L., and Mayer, R. E. (2018). What works and doesn’t work with instructional video. Computers in Human Behavior, 89, 465–470.
Generoso, A. B., and Calixtro, V. L., Jr. (2023). Integration of TikTok videos and students’
performance in hip-hop dance music. Antomusik: Journal of Music Education, 2(1), 34
Gómez-Ortega, A., Macías-Guillén, A., and Sánchez-de Lara, M. Á. (2022). Video instruction
and collaborative approaches in higher education: A critical review. International
Journal of Educational Research, 114, 101–115.
Guy, J., and McNally, M. B. (2022). Ten key factors for making educational and instructional
videos. Journal of Educational Media Practice, 5(3), 45–59.
Haerawan, H., Cale, W., and Barroso, U. (2024). The effectiveness of interactive videos in
increasing student engagement in online learning. Journal of Computer Science
Advancements, 2(5), 244–258.
Hofifah, S.N., and Sumiati, S. (2023). The effectiveness of the practicum video guide on
distance learning in improving biology learning outcomes in enzyme content.
Indonesian Journal of Teaching in Science, 3(2), 201-212.
Hsieh, Y. (2020). Effects of video captioning on EFL vocabulary learning and listening
comprehension. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 33(5–6), 567–589.
Ilsa, A., Farida, and Harun, M. (2021). Developing learning videos using the PowerDirector 18
application in elementary schools. Jurnal Basicedu, 5(1), 112–122.
Kuhlmann, S. L., Bernacki, M. L., and Greene, J. A. (2023). A multimedia learning theory
informed perspective on self-regulated learning. New Directions for Teaching and
Learning, 174, 17–23.
Ledesma, G.L., Lampedario, K.D., Pequierda, J.D., and Calixtro, V.L. (2021). Online learning and
academic performance of bachelor of physical education students. Indonesian Journal
of Educational Research and Technology, 1(3), 135-140.
Leong, K. M., Gramza, A. R., Duberstein, J. N., Bryson, C., and Amlin, A. (2025). Using applied
social science disciplines to implement creative outdoor cat management solutions
and avoid the trap of one‐size‐fits‐all policies. Conservation Biology, 39(1), e14321.
Manosa, C., Pineda, C.K., Namora, J.J., and Daga-as, C. (2022). Health status of bachelor of
physical education degree students amidst the Covid-19 pandemic. Indonesian Journal
of Multidiciplinary Research, 2(2), 373-376.
Maulid, M.N., and Sakti, A.W. (2022). The effectiveness of learning videos as a source of digital
literacy on poster learning in elementary schools. Indonesian Journal of
Multidiciplinary Research, 2(1), 51-56.
Micua, D.B., Paulino, A.V., Yco, J.D.D., Lapiceros, H.C., Villaseñor, R.C., and Cruz, E.J.M.A.
(2024). Coaching styles and their impact on athletes' sports satisfaction. ASEAN
Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science, 3(2), 61-68
Millatina, S.N., Maryanti, R., and Wulandary, V. (2022). Strengthening literacy of cultural arts and crafts in the material of sculpture for 6th-grade elementary school students through learning video media. Indonesian Journal of Educational Research and
Technology, 2(3), 189-194.
Onasanya, T.O., Aladesusi, G.A., Taiwo, S.A., Onasanya, S.A., and Adeoye, J.T. (2022). Effect of
technology-enabled video instruction on senior secondary school students’
performance in selected technical drawing concept in Ilorin. Indonesian Journal of
Educational Research and Technology, 2(2), 141-148.
Rahayu, N.I., Muktiarni, M., and Hidayat, Y. (2024). An application of statistical testing: A guide
to basic parametric statistics in educational research using SPSS. ASEAN Journal of
Science and Engineering, 4(3), 569-582.
Rajapov, R. S. (2024). Technology of preparing future pedagogues for the international
assessment system. International Journal of Pedagogics, 4(10), 127–135.
Ramires, V. V., Dos Santos, P. C., Barbosa Filho, V. C., Bandeira, A. D. S., Marinho Tenório, M.
C., de Camargo, E. M., Ravagnani, F. C. P., Sandreschi, P., de Oliveira, V. J. M., Hallal, P.
C., and Silva, K. S. (2023). Physical education for health among school-aged children
and adolescents: A scoping review of reviews. Journal of Physical Activity & Health,
(7), 586–599.
Rosete, E.N., Candelon, Z.G., Gandal, A., Falle, J.A., and Vivencio Jr, L.C. (2022). Sports facilities
and equipment: Availability and students’ satisfaction in the physical education
classes. Indonesian Journal of Multidiciplinary Research, 2(2), 377-380.
Rusyani, E., Permana, S., and Ragadhita, R. (2022). Attitudes of high special school students
with hearing impairment to online adaptive physical education learning. Indonesian
Journal of Teaching in Science, 2(1), 29-38.
Saodat, O. (2023). Organization of extracurricular physical education at school and its role in
the physical and mental improvement of students. Indonesian Journal of Community
and Special Needs Education, 3(1), 73-84.
Sbitan, L., Alzraikat, N., Tanous, H., Saad, A. M., and Odeh, M. (2025). From one size fits all to
a tailored approach: integrating precision medicine into medical education. BMC
Medical Education, 25(1), 90.
Scruggs, P. W., Beveridge, S. K., Watson, D. L., Clocksin, B. D., and Tremblay, M. S. (2007). An
examination of pupils’ engagement in physical education according to gender and
perceived motivational climate. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 26(2), 118
Sultanto, M.A., Al Afghani, R.I., Meisya, S.D., Salsabila, I.A., Rohimat, S.S., and Stephani, M.R.
(2023). Physical education online class for students with hearing impairment during
covid-19 pandemic. ASEAN Journal of Community and Special Needs Education, 2(1),
-26.
Susilawati, A., Al-Obaidi, A.S.M., Abduh, A., Irwansyah, F.S., and Nandiyanto, A.B.D. (2025). How to do research methodology: From literature review, bibliometric, step-by-step research stages, to practical examples in science and engineering education.
Indonesian Journal of Science and Technology, 10(1), 1-40.
van Nooijen, C. C., de Koning, B. B., Bramer, W. M., Isahakyan, A., Asoodar, M., Kok, E., and
Paas, F. (2024). A cognitive load theory approach to understanding expert scaffolding
of visual problem-solving tasks: A scoping review. Educational Psychology
Review, 36(1), 12.
Yu, S., Tian, L., and Nie, S. (2024). Neural mechanisms of cognitive load in multimedia learning:
A meta-analysis of EEG frequency band modulation. Journal of Educational
Neuroscience, 5(3), 221–237.
Zhang, D., Zhou, L., Briggs, R. O., and Nunamaker, J. F. (2006). Instructional video in e-learning: Assessing the impact of interactive video on learning effectiveness. Information & Management, 43(1), 15–27.
