Enhancing Photovoltaic Efficiency through Paraffin– Pomegranate Phase Change Composites: An Experimental Approach with Bibliometric Analysis toward Sustainable Thermal Management Aligned with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
Keywords:
Enhanced efficiency, Global sustainability, Green Composite Materials (GCMs), Phase Change materials (PCMs), PV coolingAbstract
Overheating remains a major limitation to photovoltaic (PV)
efficiency in high-temperature environments because
excessive surface heat reduces electrical conversion and
accelerates material degradation. This study integrates
bibliometric and experimental approaches to develop a novel
phase change composite (PCM) by combining paraffin with
green composite materials (GCMs) derived from agricultural
waste (pomegranate peel, sumac, and starch). Five PV panels
with different PCM/GCM mixtures were tested under identical
conditions to identify the most effective formulation. The
optimal composition (57% paraffin and 43% pomegranate peel)
achieved a melting point of 72°C and thermal conductivity of
0.1617 W/m.K, resulting in a 16.65% increase in daily energy
output (240.98 Wh). Infrared imaging confirmed uniform
temperature distribution and elimination of hot spots. The
optimal condition was achieved because the fibrous
pomegranate structure increased the melting point and
stabilized the paraffin matrix, creating a porous network that
improved heat absorption and distribution. This enhanced
thermal regulation reduced surface temperature and hot spots,
resulting in higher PV efficiency and energy output. This
sustainable and low-cost innovation supports sustainable
development goals (SDGs).
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